Effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in US travelers

Effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in US travelers.

Typhoid vaccination is recommended in the United States before travel to countries where typhoid fever is endemic, though little information is available on its effectiveness in travelers. We estimated typhoid vaccination effectiveness (VE) by comparing vaccination status in cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever (Salmonella Paratyphi A infection, against which typhoid vaccine offers no p...

Enteric (typhoid) fever in travelers.

The incidence of enteric (typhoid) fever in travelers is estimated to be approximately 3-30 cases per 100,000 travelers to developing countries. Recently, it is become clear that travelers who are visiting friends and relatives, especially travelers to the Indian subcontinent, seem to be the most vulnerable to enteric fever and require special attention for prevention. Recent concerns are the i...

Guidelines for Typhoid Vaccination

Multidrug-Resistant Typhoid Fever Outbreak in Travelers Returning from Bangladesh

To the Editor: Enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid fever) is a systemic infection caused by several Salmonella enterica serotypes including S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A. The Indian subcontinent, which has the highest incidence of the disease worldwide, is also an epicenter of enteric fever caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfameth...

effectiveness of hedstroum files and rotary k3 instruments in removal of obturation materials during retreatment in curved canals

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